Vagit Alekperov, el rey del petrleo ruso, se hace todava ms rico en la sombra



Actualizado Viernes,
12
julio
2024

03:36Rusia produce tanques que no regresan del frente, y mientras tanto los magnates rusos ganan cifras rcord en medio del auge de la industria ligada a la guerra. Las compaas rusas, tras el bache experimentado al inicio de la invasin a gran escala de Ucrania en 2022, han reanudado o incluso aumentado el reparto de ganancias entre los accionistas. Muchos empresarios prefieren retirar su dinero lo antes posible, antes de que suban los impuestos en Rusia. Encabezando la lista de los que hacen caja est Vagit Alekperov, el accionista mayoritario del gigante petrolero ruso Lukoil. Alekperov est bajo sanciones del Reino Unido y Australia, pero hasta ahora ha evitado castigos de EE.UU y la UE, en parte porque dimiti a tiempo del cargo de presidente de Lukoil, justo al empezar la invasin, para esquivar estos vetos.Puede decirse que Alekperov lleva el petrleo en la sangre: fue el quinto hijo de un trabajador del sector petrolero sovitico. Su padre muri cuando el pequeo Alekperov tena slo seis aos, pero dej una fuerte impronta en l. Segn ha contado alguna vez Alekperov, al terminar la escuela ya saba que su vocacin era convertirse en trabajador del sector petrolero. A partir de 1972, Alekperov trabaj como operador de produccin de petrleo y gas. Su ascenso fue lento pero imparable, a pesar de algunos conflictos con el Partido Comunista por negarse a alojar a sus trabajadores en barracones. En 1990, sin haber cumplido los cuarenta aos, Alekperov se convirti en el viceministro ms joven de la URSS. Eran los aos de la apertura a Occidente, y el futuro magnate aprovech un viaje de trabajo a la sede de British Petroleum en Reino Unido para asomarse al futuro. A su regreso propuso crear una compaa petrolera que agrupase todas las fases del negocio, desde la extraccin hasta la venta. Y entonces surgi la palabra mgica de principios de la ‘era Yeltsin’: privatizacin. As naci Lukoil, que qued en sus manos durante dcadas. ‘The New York Times’ escribi sobre el triunfo del «magnate silencioso». Amigos y colegas en el trabajo lo llaman ‘Alek’. En 2019, segn el ranking de Forbes, Alekperov ocup el tercer lugar de los ms ricos en Rusia con una fortuna de 20.700 millones de dlares. En abril de 2022, con la invasin a gran escala de Ucrania en marcha, el Reino Unido le impuso sanciones y l dimiti como presidente de Lukoil. renunciando a la junta directiva para sorpresa de muchos. Sus camaradas del consejo de administracin han tenido suertes muy diversas. Leonid Fedun, el segundo mayor accionista de la empresa dej el cargo de vicepresidente de Lukoil alegando que quera jubilarse, y vive alejado del problema de la guerra con su familia en Mnaco. Pero otro fundador de la compaa, Ravil Maganov, muri en septiembre de 2022, tras caer desde una ventana del sexto piso. Al menos una docena de empresarios rusos ganaron ms de 10.300 millones de euros en 2023 y en el primer trimestre de 2024, calcul Bloomberg. Muchos de ellos tienen estrechos vnculos con Putin y han sido sometidos a sanciones debido a la guerra. Durante estos das se distribuyen entre los accionistas los beneficios del ltimo ao. Muchos empresarios prefieren retirar su dinero lo antes posible, porque las empresas pronto pagarn ms impuestos por culpa de la guerra. En casa de los Alekperov la ‘dinasta del crudo’ est a salvo. El nico hijo, Yusuf, licenciado en la Universidad Estatal Rusa de Petrleo y Gas, sigue con la saga familiar.

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